Li.P.13a沖壓式噴氣發動機三角翼攔截機

0072005

來源:Wikipedia  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippisch_P.13a
原文:
The Lippisch P.13a was an experimental ramjet-powered delta wing interceptor aircraft designed in late 1944 by Dr. Alexander Lippisch for Nazi Germany. The aircraft never made it past the drawing board, but testing of wind-tunnel models in the DVL high-speed wind tunnel showed that the design had extraordinary stability into the Mach 2.6 range.

Design and development

As conventional fuels were in extremely short supply by late 1944, Lippisch proposed that the P.13a be powered by coal. Initially, it was proposed that a wire-mesh basket holding coal be mounted behind a nose air intake, protruding slightly into the airflow and ignited by a gas burner. Following wind-tunnel testing of the ramjet and the coal basket, modifications were incorporated to provide more efficient combustion.
The coal was to take the form of small granules instead of irregular lumps, to produce a controlled and even burn, and the basket was altered to a mesh drum revolving on a vertical axis at 60 rpm. A jet of flame from tanks of bottled gas would fire into the basket once the P.13a had reached operating speed (above 320 km/h), whether by using a rocket to assist takeoff or by being towed.
The air passing through the ramjet would take the fumes from the burning coal towards the rear where they would mix under high pressure with clean air taken from a separate intake. The resulting mixture of gas would then be directed out through a rear nozzle to provide thrust. A burner and drum were built and tested successfully in Vienna by the design team before the end of the war.
It is not known what armament would have been carried by the P.13a; the MK 103 cannon would have been too heavy and large for such a small aircraft and it is possible that one or two large-calibre machineguns would have been used.
At the end of the war even the prototype DM-1 test glider had not been finished when it was captured by US forces. It was ordered to be completed by Lippisch's team and was then shipped to the USA where it was test-flown. Reportedly[by whom?] the results were very positive and lessons learned were incorporated into NASA's research aircraft of the 1950s and on.
Film footage exists which shows a gliding test of a scaled-down model of the P.13a. These tests began in May 1944 at Spitzerberg, near Vienna.
After the war, Lippisch, working with American aircraft designer Convair, developed and tested the XF-92 based on his designs, leading to the eventual adoption of the F-102 Delta Dagger and its successor, the F-106 Delta Dart.

Specifications (P.13a, as designed)

General characteristics
Crew: one
Length: 6.70 m (22 ft 0 in)
Wingspan: 6.00 m (19 ft 9 in)
Height: 3.25 m (10 ft 8 in)
Wing area: 20.0 m² (215 ft²)
Loaded weight: 2,295 kg (5,060 lb)
Powerplant: 1 × Kronach Lorin coal-burning ramjet
Performance
Maximum speed: 1,650 km/h (1,025 mph)
Range: 1,000 km (621 miles)
Wing loading: 115 kg/m² (24 lb/ft²)

翻譯內容:
Lippisch P.13a

P13a (左) 跟 DM1 (右)的模型
設計師Lippisch
改良自Lippisch開發的DM1

Lippisch P.13a是使用實驗性沖壓式噴氣發動機為動力的三角翼攔截機,在1944年底由Dr. Alexander Lippisch為納粹德國設計。
這飛機從來沒畫在繪圖板上過,但在DVL的高速風洞模型的試驗表明,這設計在2.6馬赫範圍內有非凡的穩定性。

設計與開發

由於傳統燃料在1944年底極度缺乏,Lippisch提出用煤來作為P.13a的動力來源。最初有人提議,安裝網籃用來裝在機鼻後進氣口的煤炭,稍微突出浸入氣流中,並用瓦斯燃燒器點燃。沖壓式噴氣發動機跟煤炭籃經過風洞測試,修改被接受,以提供更高效率的燃燒。

煤炭採取細小顆粒的形式,而不是不規則的硬塊,以可控制到燃燒,以及籃子被修改成網狀滾筒旋以60RPM(轉速?)轉在垂直的軸上。噴射火焰從罐裝瓦斯噴入滾筒籃中,一次P.13a已達到運行速度(每小時320公里)。不論是用火箭協助起飛或者拖曳的方式。

空氣通過發動機使燃燒煤碳產生的煙霧會往後方流動並與獨立攝入的乾淨空氣在高壓下混合(這句翻得好辛苦)。產生的混合氣體將直接通過後部噴嘴提供推力。燃燒器跟滾筒是由在維也納於戰爭結束前的設計團隊成功的建構與測試。

不知道是什麼武器被P.13a使用;MK103機砲對這小型飛機來說太重也太大了,但有可能裝備一個或兩個大口徑機槍。

DM-1的原型試驗滑翔機甚至在戰爭結束被美軍抓獲時都還沒完成。它被下令由Lippisch的團隊完成,然後運到美國試飛。根據報導成果是非常積極和有參考價值的被納入NASA的航空器研究中,從1950年代到現在。

有個影片片段的存在,顯示了P.13a的等比例縮小模型的滑翔機試驗,這試驗開始在1944年五月在維也納附近的Spitzerberg(地名)。

在戰爭之後 Lippisch和美國飛機設計師康維爾(Convair)一起工作,開發與測試的XF-92就是根據Lippisch的設計,從而產生最終採用的F-102三角洲匕首(F-102 Delta Dagger)和他的繼任者:F-106三角標槍(F-106 Delta Dart)。

一般特性
乘員組：一
長度：6.70米（22英尺0）
翼展：6.00米（19英尺9英寸）
身高：3.25米（10英尺8英寸）
機翼面積：20.0平方米（215平方英尺）
裝載的重量：2295公斤（5060磅）
發電廠：1×的Kronach洛林煤炭燃燒沖壓式噴氣發動機

性能
最大速度：1650公里/小時（1025英里每小時）
範圍：1,000公里（621英里）
翼負荷：115公斤/平方米（24磅/平方尺）



007:這次試了一篇比較長的= =也是在鋼鐵雄心看倒然後找不到中文資料所以順便練英翻中=口=